World of All Aquasports Equipment

Timeline of diving technology

Preindustrial

Several centuries before Christ (reliefs made at this time show Assyrian soldiers crossing rivers inflated goatskin floats. Several modern writers have erroneously held that the fleet is to breathe and swimmers oil showing in action.)

Ancient Greek and Roman, etc.: There have been many cases of swimming and diving men for combat, but always had to hold their breath, and had no diving equipment, except sometimes a hollow plant stem used as a snorkel. See this link (in Portuguese).

About 500 a. C: (Information originally from Herodotus) During a naval campaign Greek Scyllis was captured at board by the I. Persian King Xerxes when Xerxes was Scyllis learned that attacking a fleet of Greece, he took a knife and jumped overboard. The Persians could not find it in the water and presumed drowned. Scyllis appeared in the night and made his way through all the ships of Xerxes's fleet, cutting each ship from her moorings, which used a hollow reed as snorkel to remain visible. Then he swam nine miles (15 km) to meet with the Greeks at the Artemisio.

The use of diving bells is recorded by the Greek philosopher Aristotle in the fourth century BC:. "... It allows divers breathing just for defrauding a pot, if it does not fill with water, but hold air, and he is forced to land in the water "

1300 or earlier: Persian divers were using diving goggles with windows of polished exterior layer of the hull.

Century 15: Leonardo da Vinci made the first known mention of air tanks in Italy, wrote in his Atlantic Codex (Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan) that systems used at that time artificially breathe under water, but not explained in detail, because of what he described as "bad human nature" who took advantage of this technique to sink ships and even commit murder. Some designs, however, showed different types of breathing tubes and a air tank (to be carried in the womb) who probably should not have external links. Other drawings show a complete set of immersion piston with the costume that included a kind of mask with an air box. The project was so detailed that it includes a urine collector, too.

1531: William de Lorena dives on two of Caligula's sunken galleys using a diving bell from a design by Leonardo da Vinci.

1616: Franz Kessler has built a diving bell improved.

Around 1620: Cornelius Drebbel perhaps makes a recycler crude rebreather see # History of rebreathers.

1650: Otto von Guericke built the first air pump.

1772: Sir Freminet tried to build a diving instrument barrel, but died from lack of oxygen after 20 minutes, with only recycled the exhaled air untreated.

1776: David Bushnell invented the Turtle, the first submarine to attack another ship. It was used in the American Revolution.

Century 19

1800: Robert Fulton builds a submarine, the Nautilus

Diving helmets appear

1808: Brize-Fradin developed a small extractor city and connected to a reservoir bag of low atmospheric pressure.

1820: Paul Lemaire Augerville (a dentist in Paris) and coined diving apparatus with a backpack copper cylinder, and a lung-cons to keep the air, and an inflatable life vest attached. Has been used up to 15 meters or 20 to an hour in the rescue work. Started a successful salvage company.

1825: William H. James designed a diving suit that had compressed air in a container of iron around the waist.

1827: French Beaudouin developed a diving helmet powered by a compressed air cylinder 80 to 100 bar. The French navy was interested, but nothing is come to this.

1829: Charles Anthony Deane and John Deane of Whitstable in Kent in the design of England's helmet, the air pumped in the first Diving for use with a wetsuit. It is said that the idea was of a rescue team from the oil by water a fire pump (used as an air pump) and a knight in armor, helmets to save horses from a barn in flames. Other say it is based on earlier work in 1823 developing a "smoke helmet." However, demand has not been attached to the hull, so a diver can not bend or invest without risk of flooding of the helmet and drowning. However, the system Diving is used in the rescue work, including the successful removal of guns from the George warship HMS Royal in 1834-1835. This warship of 108 guns sank in 65 feet of water in the anchorage of Spithead in 1783.

1829: EKGauzen, a Russian naval technician of the Kronstadt naval base (a suburb of St. Petersburg) offers a "diving machine." His invention is a metal helmet attached to the air pumped a leather suit (an assembly). The bottom of the hull is open. The helmet is placed in the combination of leather with a metal band. Combination of gauze and other modifications have been used by the Russian Navy until 1880. The modified diving suit of the Russian Navy, based on the invention of gauze, was known as "the equipment of three bolts."

1837: After studying Leonardo da Vinci, and those of Halley the astronomer, Augustus Siebe developed standard diving suit, a sort of surface supplied diving.

Join the 1837 Deane brothers old for a suit, Augustus Siebe Siebe develops the "closed" combination of clothing and helmet diving, considered the foundation of modern scuba diving. This was a significant change from previous models of "open" the dress does not allow a diver to invest. (Siebe Gorman chase the manufacture of helmets at all times until 1975).

The first diving regulator

1838: Dr. Manuel Guillaumet invented a regulator of the double pipe. Used as a surface showed the letter. the duration of use was limited to 30 minutes by immersion in cold water without a wetsuit.

1839 Canadian inventors and Eliot James Alexander McAvity of Saint John, New Brunswick patented a "reservoir of oxygen for the divers," a device placed on the diver's back contained "A quantity of gas condensate or the oxygen of the common atmospheric air is proportional to the depth of water suitable for the time that is destined to remain below. "

1839: WHThornthwaite Hoxton, London patented a pneumatic lifting vest for divers.

Around 1842: The French Joseph Cabirol standard diving suit begins.

1843: On the basis of lessons learned from recovery Royal George, the diving school launched by the Royal Navy.

1849: Saint-Simon-Sicard (a chemical) made the first practice of the oxygen rebreather. It was shown in London in 1854.

1856: Wilhelm Bauer starts the first of 133 successful dives with his second submarine Seeteufel. The crew of 12 was set to leave the submerged ship through a diving chamber.

1860: Giovanni Luppi, a retired engineer of the Austro-Hungarian, it displays a design for a self-propelled torpedo to emperor Franz Joseph.

1863: HL Hunley becomes the first submarine to sink a ship, the USS Housatonic during the Civil War.

Diving and Denayrouze Rouquayrol established gun air reservoir relief as the diver's back

1865: Auguste Benoit Denayrouze Rouquayrol and design of a dive set with an air tank backpack spherical supplied air through a known demand regulator first. The diver still walked on the sea and do not swim. This set is called arophore (Greek for "carrier"). However, the tanks under air pressure made with the technology of the day could hold 30 atmospheres, and the diver had to be given surface, the tank was rescue. The period of 6 to 8 hours on a full tank without external power Rouquayrol recorded for all in the book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea by Jules Verne, are wildly exaggerated fiction. Judging by July Verne attempts in the book which describes how all Rouquayrol worked, how the demand regulator does not know or have forgotten when he wrote the book, which was published in 1870. But Jules Verne knew about the tendency of some divers, when the surface as rain, want to stay under water to prevent the entry rain.

1866: Minenschiff, the first car (locomotive) torpedo, developed by Robert Whitehead (to a design by Captain Luppi, Marina Austria from the war), is satisfied by the committee of the Imperial Navy on December 21.

Gas and air bottles seems

At the end 19th century: the industry is increasingly capable of high pressure air and gas cylinders. That prompted a few inventors over the years design open-circuit compressed air breathing sets, but they were all in constant motion, and the regulator of the application does not return until 1939.

1876: An English merchant seaman, Henry Fleuss, developed the first viable computer scuba diving using compressed oxygen. This prototype uses closed circuit diving rope soaked in caustic potash to absorb carbon dioxide exhaled gas can breathe.

1893: Bhutan Louis invented the first underwater camera.

Decompression sickness is a problem

1841: The first documented case of disease decompression occurs, reported by a mining engineer who observed cramps and muscle pain in miners working in coal mine shafts pressure air to prevent water from.

1870: Bauer publishes the results of 25 workers paralyzed drawer.

From 1870 until 1910 all causes symptoms leading down: explanations at the time included: cold or exhaustion causing reflex trauma spinal cord, electricity caused by friction in compression, or organ congestion and vascular stasis caused by decompression.

1871: The San Louis Eads Bridge employs 352 employees of the compressed air which Dr. Alfonso Jaminet the physician in charge. There were 30 serious injuries and 12 deaths. Mr. Jaminet itself suffered a case of decompression sickness when he rose to the surface in four minutes after spending nearly three hours a depth of 95 feet on a drawer, and descriptions of their own experience was the first such recorded.

1872: The similarity between the disease decompression and iatrogenic gas embolism, and the relationship between inadequate decompression and decompression sickness is characterized by Friedburg. Suggested that intravascular gas was released by rapid decompression and recommended: slow compression and decompression, the shifts of four hours, which limits the maximum depth of 44.1 psi (4 ATA), using only healthy workers, and recompression treatment for severe cases.

1873: Dr. Andrew Smith, first used the term "disease of the box" describing 110 cases of decompression sickness as the physician in charge of construction the Brooklyn Bridge. The project employs 600 workers in compressed air. recompression treatment was not used. The project, Chief Engineer Washington Roebling suffered in the drawer of the disease. (He takes his father John Augustus Roebling died of tetanus.) Wife of Washington, Emily, helped manage the bridge after his sickness confined him to his home in Brooklyn. He fought the effects of the disease for the rest of his life. During this project, the disease decompression has become known as "The Bends [Greek]" because affected individuals arc characteristic of the back: this is perhaps a maneuver that recalls the way women dance then known as the Greek Bend.

1878: Paul Bert publishes The barometric pressure, providing the first level of systematic understanding of the causes of decompression illness.

20th century

1900: John P. Holland built the first submarine be formally commissioned by U.S. Navy, the Netherlands (also known as A-1).

1900: # # Leonard Hill used a frog model to prove that bubbles of decompression and recompression that decides.

1903: Siebe Gorman begins to make a getaway submarine set in England in the years after it was improved, and was later called the Davis Submerged Escape Davis exhaust or equipment.

1905 Several sources, including the 1991 U.S. Navy Diving Manual (p. 1-8), assert that the MK V Deep Sea Diving dress was designed by the Bureau of Construction and Repair in 1905, but in reality, the Handbook of 1905 shows the Royal Navy Siebe Gorman-helmet use. The first to know MK V is dated 1916, these sources are probably referring to the former MK I, MK II, MK III and MK IV Morse and Schrader helmets.

1905: The first recycling valve position to control oxygen supply is made.

1907: Draeger of Lübeck is a recycler called U-Boot Retter. = "Submarine Rescue."

1908: # # Arthur Boycott, Damant Guybon and John Haldane published "The prevention of compressed air illness", detailed studies on causes and symptoms of decompression sickness, and propose a decompression table to avoid the effects.

1908: # # The Committee adopted the Admiralty Deep Dive tables for the Royal Navy Haldane, Haldane published diving tables for the general public.

1912: # # U.S. Navy decompression tables adopt the published by Haldane, Boycott and Damant. Driven by Chief Gunner George Stillson, the Navy has established a program to test the decompression tables and staging based on the work of Haldane.

1913 The Navy has also begun to develop the future MK V, design influenced by Schrader and Morse.

1915 The submarine USS F-4 is rescued from 304 feet to establish the practical limits of air diving. Three U.S. Navy divers, Frank W. Crilley, William F. Loughman, and Nielson, reached 304 workers have sex with the MK V dress

1916 with the addition of a phone battery, the design of the MK V yet complete, several design improvements over was done in the next two years.

1916: The Draeger model DM 2 becomes the equipment Standard of the German Navy.

1917 The Office of Construction & Repair introduced the MK V helmet and dress, which becomes the standard for U.S. Navy Diving until the introduction of the MK 12 in the late sixties

1918: Ohgushi (he is Japanese) Patent Ohgushi Peerless breathing. He jumped at a constant rate and industrial open-circuit breathing set. The user breathes through the nose and changed the air in and out of his teeth.

Towards 1920: Hanseatisches Apparatebau-Gesellschaft make breathing apparatus 2-valve cylinder double lever demand one body and a large corrugated tube tip breathing, and "duck bill" a venting valve in the controller. Has been described in a manual of mine rescue in 1930. They were the successors of Ludwig von Bremen of Kiel, which had allowed the aircraft Rouquayrol-Denayrouze Germany.

1924 Yves Le Prieur invented a manual self-contained breathing underwater. It provides constant air pressure regulator without demand. First experiences with it in 1926.

1926: See Draeger breathing apparatus to rescue the user can swim. While previous devices served only to reach the surface and were designed to develop lift for the user to reach the surface without swimming movements, diving was a set of weights, which is also become possible to dive with him, to seek and to save after an accident.

1937: U.S. Navy Dive Tables publishes revised on the basis of work OD Yarbrough.

begins to swim, dive

The 1930s:

In France, Guy Gilpatrick started diving goggles sealed from swimming goggles (which was originally intended to keep salt water on the surface of the eyes).

Hunting Sport diving has become common in the Mediterranean, and the fisherman gradually introduced the diving mask and flippers and snorkel sports town with George on all Beuchat in Marseille, France, who created the gun and the combination of first and Italian anglers have started using oxygen rebreathers. This practice came to the attention of the Italian Navy, which developed its frogman unit Flottiglia Decima MAS using oxygen rebreathers and features torpedoes, playing an important role in the Second World War.

1933:

In France, Louis Pat Palme Whimbrel swim first.

At San Diego, Calif. The diving club is heading, called low Scratchers. As we know, did not use breathing sets, and its objective Principal was spearfishing.

More is known of Yves Le Prieur constant flow to the breathing circuit open. He said that could allow a stay 20 minutes to 15 minutes and 7 meters to 15 meters. It has a power cylinder in a circular mask fullface. Its air cylinder was often achieved at a angle to get your valve / off from the diver, which would cause a drag on the awkward side of swimming.

1934:

In France, the establishment of Beuchat, the oldest diving company and hunt underwater world

In France, a diving club started, called Under the Water Club. Did not use breathing sets as far as is known. Its main aim was spearfishing.

Otis Barton and William Beebe dive to 3028 meters with a bathysphere.

1935: The French Navy adopts the Prieur breathing set.

1936: In the Cote d'Azur, the first diving club known sport diving began. Ventilation systems used Le Prieur.

1937: The Diving and Salvage American Company (now known as DESCO) develops a heavy bottom combination type of foot with a gas mixture of helium and self-rebreather oxygen.

1937: # # U.S. Navy publishes revised tables based diving work of OD Yarbrough.

1939: Hans Hass developed from the flight to create a type of flow of air with his bag on his back and two breathing tubes, but no box pack. These groups appear in movies and books.

1954: The Underwater Hockey (Octopush) is composed of four Navy divers underwater in the South Seas was bored swimming up and down and I wanted a fun way to stay fit.

The diving regulator reappears

1937: George Commeinhes has developed a device with two cylinders to open circuit, with demand regulator. The regulator was a big rectangular box between the cylinders. Some did, but the development of the Second World War interrupted.

WWII

1939: Georges him provides breathing Commeinhes established in the French navy, who could not follow the development of applications for him because of the Second World War.

July 1943 was 53 Commeinhes meters (about 174 feet) with a breath off the coast of Marseille.

1944: Commeinhes died for the liberation of Strasbourg Alsace. His invention was submerged by Cousteau's invention.

Christian Lamberts JUICE has designed a "autonomous underwater oxygen respirator "for the U.S. Army. It was a recycler. It was the first device is called diving.

More countries use frogmen equipped with recyclers for some of the acts of war known and most spectacular show human torpedo.

Hans Hass said later that during the Second World War, the German diving gear Drger gave a diving open circuit with a regulator of the application. May have been a separate invention, or may have been copied from a set Commeinhes type captured.

1943: Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan invent and make a diving open circuit breathing together with the demand regulator to modify a regulator Gagnan demand for gasoline engine running on a big bag of coal-gas in the roof in case of gas shortage in wartime. Cousteau had his first dives with him. Respirators other two: there are three, one for each of Cousteau and his first two diving companions Frédéric Dumas and Trim. Your underwater was kept secret until the south of France was liberated. This type of respirator was later named "Aqua-Lung." This word is correctly mark attached to the Cousteau-Gagnan patent, but Great Britain was used as a generic type "Aqualung" to least since the early 1950s, including in the BSAC's publications and training manuals, and descriptions of the dive as aqualunging. "

Top 1944: The United States government to try to stop men from being drowned in tanks of the sunken war, asked the company Mine Safety Appliances (MSA) to breathe a small set of appropriate exhaust. MSA offers an open circuit breathing small group with a bottle of air Small (5-7 liters), a demand regulator to a circular double lever similar to the design of Cousteau (connected to the bottle a nut and cone nozzle), and a large corrugated hose connected to a breathing mouthpiece. This set is said to be done "off-the-shelf" items, demonstrating that the MSA controller had to design before, so that the regulator is seen as a result of development and not a prototype, because it could have been born around 1943. In one example was recovered in 2003 to form a Sherman tank submerged in the bay of Naples, the cylinder was necessary throughout the year on the tape and attached to a lifejacket. These sets have been too late for the D-Day landings in June 1944, but been used during the invasion of southern France and the South Pacific war.

1944: In October, Frederic Dumas reached 62 meters (200 feet) with an Aqualung Cousteau.

1945: Cousteau Aqualung is first destroyed by an artillery shell in an Allied landing badly on the Riviera French, who made two. After more diving done and gathered more men and taught diving. Toulon opened an informal clearance removal unit and rest. Later this unit became official. One of the men he was trained Broussard, who founded the first post-war II diving club, the Club Alpin Sous-Marin.

After the war

The audience first hears about frogmen.

The first club of scuba diving known in Britain, "The Club of amphibians" was formed in Aberdeen by Ivor Howitt (varying a mask gas old calendar) and some friends. They called diving "fathomeering" to distinguish it from jumping into the water.

1946:

Cousteau type suit on sale in France.

Yves Le Prieur invented a new version of your breath a whole. Its facade fullface mask was loose in its seat and acted like a diaphragm very broad and therefore very sensitive to a demand regulator: regulator dive watch # demand valve.

The Cave Diving Group (CDG) was formed in Great Britain.

1948: Auguste Piccard sends the bathyscaphe in First, FNRS-2, dives without pilot.

Siebe Gorman and / or early Heinke Cousteau scuba type in England. Captain Trevor Hampton had a dive. Siebe Gorman and the Royal Navy hopes respirators for use with low-weighted boots foot dive light industry ". Tadpoles see Aqua-lung #

Ted Eldred Australia began the design of scuba hose first single open circuit, known: see Porpoise (make of scuba diving equipment).

Georges Beuchat in France set up the surface of the first buoy.

1948 or 1949: Rene sports shop in imports of California aqualung France. Hollywood sees and cares.

1949: Otis Barton diving record at 4,500 feet Benthoscope.

1950: Cousteau to go scuba the type of sale (but very expensive) to industry and civilians in Britain. Siebe Gorman Chessington.

A manual of British navy diving Underwater printed shortly after the submarine was reported to be used for walking on the bottom with a diving suit and heavy boots and does not mention Cousteau.

A report said Cousteau Aqualung 10 games had been sent to the U.S. because the market was not saturated.

The call of the first camera body is released by George Beuchat Tarzan,

1951: The movie "The Frogmen" is published. Located in the Pacific during World War II. In his last 20 minutes, shows frogmen U.S. spacesuit with bulky on 3 cylinders a combat mission. This use of the material is anachronistic (in reality, would have used rebreathers) but it does show that respirators are available (Even if it is not known) in the United States in 1951.

1951: The U.S. Navy began developing combinations, but not known by the public. .

1951: In December, the first issue of Skin Diver Magazine (USA) appears. The magazine lasted until November 2002.

spacesuit Autonomous Cousteau-type for sale in Canada.

1952: Cousteau-type suit on sale in the United States.

Ted Eldred in Australia started producing for the public sale of the porpoise (diving equipment brand). This was the first single-hose unit on the market dive and was the precursor Most of the diving equipment sport products today.

Public interest in scuba diving takes off

1953: The National Geographic Society published an article Cousteau Underwater Archaeology on the Great Congloué near Marseille, and French-speaking countries of film called Allan diving (wrecks) is out. Which launched a massive public demand for respirators and diving equipment, and France and America diving equipment makers started faster than could. But in Britain Siebe Gorman and Heinke kept diving expensive, and restrictions on export Currency prevented people from their importation. Many sport divers joint British house used constant flow of breath and former armed forces or ex-industrial recyclers. In early 1950, Siebe Gorman diving regulators cost of 15, which was the salary of an average week.

After supply of dry suits surplus frogman the war is over, free diving suits swimming was not available to the general public, and Therefore many divers dived to his bare skin with the exception of swimwear. Therefore diving used often to be skindiving called. Others plunged in house dry suits, or thick layers of clothing.

After the disposal of frogman flippers of war surplus drying, long fins are not publicly available, and some have had to resort to things as hitting plimsole layers marine.

Captain Trevor Hampton founded the British Underwater Centre at Dartmouth in Devon, England.

Sporting Goods Store Rene (now held by Spirotechnique) becomes U.S. Divers, now a leading manufacturer of diving equipment.

Georges Beuchat in Marseille, France invent and release of the first combination.

October 15, 1953: The BSAC was founded.

1954: The USS Nautilus, the first submarine nuclear-powered, was launched.

The first manned dives occur in the bathyscaphe FNRS-2.

First class certification Submarine in the U.S. is offered by Los Angeles County Department of Parks and Recreation. Program created by Albert Tillman and Bev Morgan is now known as Los Angeles County dive.

1954: In the U.S., announces MSA (in the magazine Popular Mechanics) a jump of two cylinders in open circuit scuba "as required by the MSA controller.

1955: In Britain, "Mechanics of Practice" magazine published an article "Making an Aqualung."

1955: Louis Malle, film director 23 years, and Jacques-Yves Cousteau film The Silent World, one of the first films to use underwater photography to see the ocean deep color.

1956: The costumes are available to the public.

1956: # # U.S. Navy published tables that allow dives.

Around this time, some divers Britons do at home to start diving regulators demand of industrial parts, including regulators heat. (Since then, the heat gas regulators have been redesigned, and this conversion is impossible.)

Later, Submarine Products Ltd Hexham, Northumberland, England designed round the Cousteau-Gagnan patent and sport diving breathing sets affordable. Price forced Siebe Gorman Heinke and down and began to sell for recreational diving business. (. Siebe Gorman gave his wetsuit brand "Frogman") Because the increased availability of respirators, policy towards BSAC recyclers became a simple "Here Be Dragons: let it come!" and remained so for long. United States, some oxygen diving clubs developed over years. Finally, the time-Cousteau Gagnan patent expiry, and any company can legally copy it.

1956: The Silent World receives an Academy Award for Best Documentary Film and the Palme d'Or Festival Cannes.

1957: The television series "Sea Hunt begins Enter the diving public. Television. He worked until 1961.

1958: USS Nautilus completed the first voyage under the polar ice at the North Pole and back.

1958: (CMAS Underwater Federation World) is based in Brussels.

1959: NAUI was founded by Albert Tillman and Neal Hess.

1960: Jacques Piccard and Lieutenant Don Walsh USN, descend to the bottom of the pit Challenger, most point known in the ocean (about 10900m feet or 35,802 miles = 6.78) in the bathyscaphe Trieste: see this link andthis link

USS Triton Upon completion of the first round of the underwater world.

In Italy, scuba diving oxygen rebreathers is followed up the late 1960s.

1964: France, Georges Beuchat JetFinance create the first vent fins.

1965: Robert D. # # Workman U.S. Navy Experimental Diving Unit (Nedu) published an equation for the calculation of decompression requirements suitable for application in a computer Diving, instead of a pre-calculated table.

The film version of James Bond in Thunderball (using both diving open circuit) is free and help make the popular dive.

1966: PADI begins.

1968: First known rebreather with electronic components is made: the Electrolung.

1971: Scubapro introduces the Stabilization Jacket, now in England commonly called knife sheath, and elsewhere Jackets (or work) Device (BC or BCD).

1972: Scubapro introduces the counter-relief (the diving equipment first analog).

1976: Professor Albert A. # # Bhlmann published work from the equations of adaptation to altitude diving and complex mixtures of gases.

1983: The Orca Edge (the first electronic dive computer) is inserted.

1985: The remains of RMS Titanic is found. Air India Flight 182, a Boeing 747, was recovered and Cork, Ireland depth of the water first large-scale (6,200 feet) Investigation of air accidents.

1989: The Abyss (including a non-fiction still fluid in deep water in front of the stage) contributes to the popular dive.

The fall of the communist bloc and the end of the Cold War (see the fall of communism and the collapse of the Union Soviet), and with it the risk of future attacks by the communist bloc forces combat diver. After that, the armed forces around the world have less reason to demand patent filed by recycler civilians, and sport diving rebreather mix automatic and semi-automatic start to appear. See "History recycler "link below.

1995: BSAC allows Nitrox Diving and Nitrox training provided.

1996: Launches PADI Enriched Air Diver.

1997: The Titanic is helping to make travel in vehicles submarine submersible Mir popular.

August 1998: RMS Titanic Dives Remotely Operated Vehicle using controlled from the surface (Magellan 725). First live video broadcast of the White Star liner are made.

1999 July: Liberty Bell 7 Mercury spacecraft rises 16,043 feet (4891 meters) of water in the Atlantic Ocean in the deepest part of the marketing research and recovery to date.

December 2001: The BSAC allows recyclers for use in BSAC diving.

Notes

^ Fields # # Are the decompression tables.

Arthur J. ^ Bachrach, "History of Diving", Historical Diving times, Iss. 21 (Spring 1998)

Acotto ABCDEFGH ^, C. (1999). "A brief history of diving and decompression sickness" .. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal 29 (2). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6004. Retrieved 17/03/2009.

^ Abcde History number Diving Society Magazine 45, page 37

^ Edmonds, Carlos, Lowry C, Pennefather, John. "The history of diving .." Pacific South Underwater Medicine Society Journal 5 (2). http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/5894. Accessed 17/03/2009.

Mario Theriault ^ Great Maritime Inventions 1833-1950, Goose Lane, 2001 46

ab ^ quickly, D. (1970). "A History of the camera closed circuit breathing oxygen underwater. "School of the Royal Australian Navy in underwater medicine. RANSUM-1-70. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4960. Accessed 16/03/2009.

Butler ab ^ WP (2004). "Caisson disease during the construction of the Eads and Brooklyn Bridges: An underwater survey Hyperbase Med 31 (4): PMID 15686275 http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4028 44,559 .. Retrieved 19/06/2008 ...

^ Bert, P. (Originally published in 1878). "Barometric pressure: researches in experimental physiology." Translated by: Hitchcock MA and Hitchcock FA. College Book Company, 1943.

^ Boycott, AE, Damant GCC Haldane, JS. (1908). "Prevention of air sickness tablet. "J. Hygiene 8: 342443. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7489. Accessed on 06/08/2008.

ABCDE ^ Carter Jr., RC (1977). "Space Within pioneer: .. Navy Experimental Diving Unit first 50 years, "U.S. Naval Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report Nedu-1-77 Http: / / archive.rubicon-foundation.org/4799. Accessed on 21/04/2008.

^ Historical Diving Society magazine number 45, page 43

^ Vann RD (2004). "Lamberts and O2: beginnings physiology operational" under Hyperbase Med 31 (1):. Http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3987 2131 PMID 15233157 Accessed on 16/03/2009 ....

^ Butler FK (2004). "Diving closed circuit oxygen in the American Navy." Hyperbase Submarine Med 31 (1): 320. PMID 15233156. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3986. Accessed 16/03/2009.

^ Ab Historical Diving Times No. 44 (Summer 2008), pages 5-12

^ Fulton, HV, W. Welham, JV Dwyer, Dobbins, RF (1952). "Preliminary report of protection against cold water." U. S. Naval Experimental Diving Nedu Report Technical Unit-5-52. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3387. Retrieved 21/04/2008.

Valentine ^ R. BSAC: The Club 1953-2003. BSAC. ISBN 9780953891955.

BSAC ^ ABC. "Section 1.1 A brief history of the British Sub-Aqua Club." BSAC. http://www.bsac.org/page/52/11-brief-history-of-bsac.htm. Accessed 05/09/2008.

County Scuba ^ http Angels "(in en-US) LACountyScuba.com ... / / Www.lacountyscuba.com / Accessed 16/07/2009.

^ Workman, DR (1965). "Calculation of decompression schedules for nitrogen-oxygen and helium-oxygen dives" U.S. Naval Unit Experimental Diving Technical Report 6-65 Nedu Http: .. / / Archive.rubicon-foundation.org/3367. Accessed on 21/04/2008.

Mr. ^ Bni, R. Schibli, P. Nussberger, Albert A. Bhlmann (1976). "Diving in the atmospheric pressure decreases: the air decompression tables of different heights," the research Biomedical submarine three (3):. ISSN 0093-5387 OCLC 2068005 189204 969023 PMID http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2750 Retrieved 16/03/2009 ......

^ Allen, C (1996). "Gives the OK to BSAC Nitrox reprint 1995, 40 (5) May:. .. 35-36" South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal 26 (4). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6275. Accessed 05/09/2008.

^ Richardson, D and Shreeve, K (1996). "The PADI Enriched Air Diver and DSAT oxygen exposure limits ".. Underwater Medicine Society of the South Pacific Journal 26 (3). ISSN 0813-1988. OCLC 16986801. Http: / / archive.rubicon-foundation.org/6310. Accessed 05/09/2008.

References

Mark Lonsdale, The evolution of U.S. Navy divers.

Another story Calendar diving (external link)

No other chronologies of the history of diving:

Diving Lore from its origins to diving emergency.

history recycler

hem.passagen.se

marinebio.org

BSAC News

Recycler Diving History

the age of Diving Museum

Cave Diving History

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